Daboia Russelii Venom

Daboia russelii Venom for Sale – Purchase Research and Pharmaceutical Grade Daboia Russelii Venom

As a leading snake venom manufacturer and certified snake venom distributor, we are the premier commercial supplier of Daboia russelii toxin for the global scientific and medical communities. We offer both research grade Russell’s viper venom and pharmaceutical grade snake venom to meet the most stringent application requirements, including venom for antivenom production.

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Species Information & Husbandry Guide (Daboia russelii)

Habitat & Enclosure:
The habitat for Daboia russelii is fairly straightforward. Drawers the size of shoe boxes (0.3 0.2 0.1 metres in size) can be used to house newborns (1 x 0.65 x 0.33 feet). Ideally, adults should be housed in large enclosures that measure at least 1.8 0.8 0.5 meters in size (5.9 x 2.6 x 1.6 feet). When they bite, they have a long reach, so you need large enclosures to keep them from getting you. Sliding door enclosures also make it easier to see where the snake is before you open the enclosure door. You can add logs and plants (fake or real) to the enclosures to give them a more naturalistic appearance while also providing more cover for your snake.

Hide box: You should place a minimum of one hide on each side of the enclosure, as well as logs and plants if you are housing your Daboia russelii in large enclosures.

Substrate: You can choose from various substrates; aspen or cork bark are both excellent choices. You should ensure that the substrate is deep enough to allow the snake to burrow half of its body into it.

Lighting – Heating: It is recommended that natural light be provided in a pattern that mimics normal daytime, with 14 hours of on/off time during the summer and 8 hours of on/off time during the winter months. My room is usually between 24-27 degrees Celsius (75-80 degrees Fahrenheit). I have a heat tape running across the back of the cages that is set to 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit). I cool down my adults from the first of December until the first of March by lowering the temperature to 16 degrees Celsius (60 degrees Fahrenheit) at night and raising the temperature to 24-27 degrees Celsius (75-80 degrees Fahrenheit) for 8 to 10 hours during the day.

Water: I keep a water bowl with clean water available at all times.

Humidity: In a dry climate, these animals do their best. I keep my animals anywhere from 20 percent to 50 percent of their natural habitat, with an average of around 35 percent.

Feeding: Neonates can be fed a meal of appropriate size on a weekly basis. When they reach adult size, I feed them every two weeks unless I am raising females for breeding. I stop feeding my adults two weeks before the cooling process begins.

Handling: Daboia russelii are a highly aggressive species of animal that does not tolerate being handled very well. Extreme caution should be exercised when handling hazardous materials without the proper handling equipment.

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Taxonomy and Biology
Adult Length: 1.00 m
General Shape: The snake is medium in length, heavy and stout in build, with a dorsoventrally flattened body and a short tail. Can reach a maximum height of approximately 1.85 meters ( males larger than females ). The head is large, flat, bluntly pointed (with a rounded and broad snout), broadly triangular, and distinct from the neck, with strongly keeled scales and large nostrils. The body is triangular and distinct from the neck. Canthus is a distinct species. The pupils of the eyes are vertically elliptical in shape and are medium to moderate in size. The dorsal scales have a strong keel to them. The count of the dorsal scales is usually (25 to 29) – (27 to 33) – ( 21 to 23 ).

Habitat: The terrain ranges from lowland plains to open fields to hills and mountain foothills up to approximately 3000 meters in elevation (Indian subcontinent). Open lowland plains have a higher concentration of these plants. Very common in scrub jungle and grasslands adjacent to agricultural plantations, but it can be found in a wide variety of terrain, including open, rocky, bushy, and grassland regions, among other habitats.

Habits: The species is nocturnal, with its peak activity occurring in the early evening. Ambush captures prey and kills it. Whenever it is disturbed, it prefers to hold its ground rather than flee, hisses loudly, and assumes a striking position with its neck in an S-shaped loop on the side. A deep bite is delivered if it strikes with enough force to cause injury.

Prey: Feeds mainly on rodents, lizards, frogs, and ground birds.

Venom
Average Venom Qty: 130 to 250 mg ( dry weight ), U.S. Dept. Navy (1968) ( Ref : R000914 ).130 to 250 mg ( dry weight ), Minton (1974) ( Ref : R000504 ).
General: Venom Neurotoxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins
General: Venom Myotoxins: Systemic myotoxins present (Sri Lanka)
General: Venom Procoagulants: Mixture of procoagulants
General: Venom Anticoagulants: Possibly present
General: Venom Haemorrhagins: Zinc metalloproteinase
General: Venom Nephrotoxins: Possibly present
General: Venom Cardiotoxins: Probably not present
General: Venom Necrotoxins: Possibly present
General: Venom Other: Unknown

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Clinical Effects
General: Dangerousness: Severe envenoming likely, high lethality potential
General: Rate of Envenoming: >80%
General: Untreated Lethality Rate: 10-20%
General: Local Effects: Marked local effects; pain, severe swelling, bruising, blistering, necrosis
General: Local Necrosis: Uncommon but can be moderate to severe
General: General Systemic Effects: Variable non-specific effects which may include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dizziness, collapse, or convulsions
General: Neurotoxic Paralysis: Mild flaccid paralysis (ptosis & ophthalmoplegia) possible.
General: Myotoxicity: No case reports in Indian subcontinent for this species, but in Sri Lanka can cause significant systemic myolysis with myoglobinuria.
General: Coagulopathy & Haemorrhages: Very common, coagulopathy + haemorrhagins causing bleeding is a major clinical effect
General: Renal Damage: Common, renal failure is a major clinical effect (less common in Sri Lanka)
General: Cardiotoxicity: Rare, usually secondary
General: Other: Shock secondary to fluid shifts due to local tissue injury is possible in severe cases. Anterior pituitary haemorrhage with panhypopituitarism can occur

First Aid
Description: First aid for bites by Viperid snakes likely to cause significant local injury at the bite site (see a listing in Comments section).
Details:

1. After ensuring that the patient and any onlookers have moved out of the snake’s range of attack, the bitten person should be reassured and persuaded to lie down and remain motionless. Many people will be terrified, fearing that they will die suddenly, and they may behave irrationally or even hysterically while in this state of mind. Because many venomous bites do not result in envenomation, the relatively slow progression to severe envenomation (hours following elapid bites, days following viper bites), and the effectiveness of modern medical treatment, there is a reason for confidence.

2. There should be no tampering with the bite wound in any manner. Using a damp cloth to remove surface venom is unlikely to cause much harm (or benefit), but massaging the wound is not recommended.

3. When a bitten limb becomes swollen, it is important to remove any rings or other jewelry from the limb, especially from the fingers, as these items may act as tourniquets.

4. An extemporized splint or sling should be used to immobilize the bitten limb as effectively as possible; if available, crepe bandaging of the splinted limb is an effective form of immobilization.

5. It is essential to support vital functions as a matter of first priority if there is any impairment of vital functions, such as problems with respiration, airway, circulation, or heart function. Bite victims who suffer from flaccid paralysis, including respiratory paralysis, may experience breathing difficulties, necessitating immediate and prolonged treatment, which may include the use of the mouth-to-mask technique (mouth-to-mouth), which transfers expired air from one person to another. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

6. Avoid the use of tourniquets, cutting, sucking, or scarifying the wound, as well as the application of chemicals or electric shock.

7. Avoid ingesting anything orally, and avoid drinking alcohol at all costs. There will be no sedatives outside of the hospital. If there will be a significant delay before reaching medical assistance, which could last several hours to several days, clear fluids should be given by mouth to prevent dehydration.

8. If the offending snake has been killed, it should be brought with the patient to be identified (this is only relevant in areas where there are more than one naturally occurring venomous snake species), but it is important to avoid touching the patient’s head because even a dead snake can envenom them. No attempt should be made to pursue the snake into the undergrowth, as this will increase the likelihood of receiving additional bites.

9. The victim of a snakebite should be transported as quickly and passively as possible to the nearest location where they can be seen by a medically trained person (health station, dispensary, clinic or hospital). Exercise should not be performed on the bitten limb because muscle contraction will promote systemic absorption of the venom. If there is no access to a motor vehicle or boat, the patient can be transported on a stretcher or hurdle, on the pillion or crossbar of a bicycle, or on the back of another person.

10. The majority of traditional first aid measures, as well as many of the more recently fashionable ones, are ineffective and potentially dangerous. Some of these include local cauterization, excision, amputation, suction by mouth, vacuum pump, or syringe, combined incision and suction (“venom-ex” apparatus), injection or instillation of compounds such as potassium permanganate, phenol (carbolic soap), and trypsin, application of electric shocks or ice (cryotherapy), and use of traditional herbal, folk, and other remedies including acupuncture, homeopathy, and naturopathy.

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